Ideal for Liver Tissue Homogenization
Do you spend lots of time and effort homogenizing Liver tissue samples? The Bullet Blender® tissue homogenizer delivers high quality and superior yields. No other homogenizer comes close to delivering the Bullet Blender’s winning combination of top-quality performance and budget-friendly affordability. See below for a Liver tissue homogenization protocol.
Save Time, Effort and Get Superior Results with
The Bullet Blender Homogenizer
Consistent and High Yield Results
Run up to 24 samples at the same time under microprocessor-controlled conditions, ensuring experimental reproducibility and high yield. Process samples from 10mg or less up to 3.5g.No Cross Contamination
No part of the Bullet Blender ever touches the tissue – the sample tubes are kept closed during homogenization. There are no probes to clean between samples.Samples Stay Cool
The Bullet Blenders’ innovative and elegant design provides convective cooling of the samples, so they do not heat up more than several degrees. In fact, our Gold+ models hold the sample temperature to about 4ºC.Easy and Convenient to Use
Just place beads and buffer along with your tissue sample in standard tubes, load tubes directly in the Bullet Blender, select time and speed, and press start.Risk Free Purchase
Thousands of peer-reviewed journal articles attest to the consistency and quality of the Bullet Blender homogenizer. We offer a 2 year warranty, extendable to 4 years, because our Bullet Blenders are reliable and last for many years.Liver Tissue Homogenization Protocol
| Sample Tube | Protocol |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mL tubes | 1.5 mL tubes Liver Protocol |
| 1.5/2 mL tubes using 5 mL adapters | 1.5/2 mL tubes using 5 mL adapters Liver Protocol |
| 5 mL tubes | 5 mL tubes Liver Protocol |
What Else Can You Homogenize? Tough or Soft, No Problem!Â
The Bullet Blender can process a wide range of samples including organ tissue, cell culture, plant tissue, and small organisms. You can homogenize samples as tough as mouse femur or for gentle applications such as tissue dissociation or organelle isolation.
Liver tissue pieces (on beads in upper photo) are completely homogenized into the buffer (slightly darker in lower photo).Â
Want more guidance? Need a quote? Contact us:
Bullet Blender Models
Select Publications using the Bullet Blender to Homogenize Liver Tissue
McCabe, M., Saviola, A., & Hansen, K. (2024). Compartment-Resolved Proteomics with Deep Extracellular Matrix Coverage. BIO-PROTOCOL, 14(1360). https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.5123
Madhavan, A., Kok, B. P., Rius, B., Grandjean, J. M. D., Alabi, A., Albert, V., Sukiasyan, A., Powers, E. T., Galmozzi, A., Saez, E., & Wiseman, R. L. (2022). Pharmacologic IRE1/XBP1s activation promotes systemic adaptive remodeling in obesity. Nature Communications, 13(1), 608. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28271-2
Yu, F. P. S., Molino, S., Sikora, J., Rasmussen, S., Rybova, J., Tate, E., Geurts, A. M., Turner, P. V., Mckillop, W. M., & Medin, J. A. (2019). Hepatic pathology and altered gene transcription in a murine model of acid ceramidase deficiency. Laboratory Investigation, 99(10), 1572–1592. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41374-019-0271-4
Kim, J. M., Park, S. K., Guo, T. J., Kang, J. Y., Ha, J. S., Lee, D. S., Lee, U., & Heo, H. J. (2016). Anti-amnesic effect of Dendropanax morbifera via JNK signaling pathway on cognitive dysfunction in high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice. Behavioural Brain Research, 312, 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.013
Krutzke, L., Prill, J. M., Engler, T., Schmidt, C. Q., Xu, Z., Byrnes, A. P., Simmet, T., & Kreppel, F. (2016). Substitution of blood coagulation factor X-binding to Ad5 by position-specific PEGylation: Preventing vector clearance and preserving infectivity. Journal of Controlled Release, 235, 379–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.022
Zhou, L., Zheng, Y., Li, Z., Bao, L., Dou, Y., Tang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhou, J., Liu, Y., Jia, Y., & Li, X. (2016). Compound K Attenuates the Development of Atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− Mice via LXRα Activation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(7), 1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071054
Shreeram, S., Ramesh, S., Puthan, J. K., Balakrishnan, G., Subramanian, R., Reddy, M. T., & Pereira, S. L. (2016). Age associated decline in the conversion of leucine to β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate in rats. Experimental Gerontology, 80, 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2016.03.021
Gunderson, M. P., Pickett, M. A., Martin, J. T., Hulse, E. J., Smith, S. S., Smith, L. A., Campbell, R. M., Lowers, R. H., Boggs, A. S. P., & Guillette Jr., L. J. (2016). Variations in hepatic biomarkers in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from three sites in Florida, USA. Chemosphere, 155, 180–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.018
Miranda, C. L., Elias, V. D., Hay, J. J., Choi, J., Reed, R. L., & Stevens, J. F. (2016). Xanthohumol improves dysfunctional glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Special Issue: Polyphenols and Health, 599, 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.008
Wang, Y., & Pfeiffer, J. K. (2016). Emergence of a Large-Plaque Variant in Mice Infected with Coxsackievirus B3. mBio, 7(2), e00119-16. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00119-16
Li, M., Li, C., Song, S., Kang, H., Yang, D., & Li, G. (2016). Development and antigenic characterization of three recombinant proteins with potential for Glässer’s disease prevention. Vaccine, 34(19), 2251–2258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.014
Johns, M., Esmaeili Mohsen Abadi, S., Malik, N., Lee, J., Neumann, W. L., Rausaria, S., Imani-Nejad, M., McPherson, T., Schober, J., & Kwon, G. (2016). Oral administration of SR-110, a peroxynitrite decomposing catalyst, enhances glucose homeostasis, insulin signaling, and islet architecture in B6D2F1 mice fed a high fat diet. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 596, 126–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.002
Bosch, M., Fajardo, A., Alcalá-Vida, R., Fernández-Vidal, A., Tebar, F., Enrich, C., Cardellach, F., Pérez-Navarro, E., & Pol, A. (2016). Hepatic Primary and Secondary Cholesterol Deposition and Damage in Niemann-Pick Disease. The American Journal of Pathology, 186(3), 517–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.002
Adamo, R. F., Fishbein, I., Zhang, K., Wen, J., Levy, R. J., Alferiev, I. S., & Chorny, M. (2016). Magnetically enhanced cell delivery for accelerating recovery of the endothelium in injured arteries. Journal of Controlled Release, 222, 169–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.025
Park, S. J., Lee, H. W., Kim, H.-R., Kang, C., & Kim, H. M. (2016). A carboxylesterase-selective ratiometric fluorescent two-photon probe and its application to hepatocytes and liver tissues. Chem. Sci., 7(6), 3703–3709. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SC05001D
Lee, L.-C., Wei, L., Huang, W.-C., Hsu, Y.-J., Chen, Y.-M., & Huang, C.-C. (2015). Hypolipidemic Effect of Tomato Juice in Hamsters in High Cholesterol Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia. Nutrients, 7(12), 10525–10537. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7125552
Hajkova, K., Jurasek, B., Sykora, D., Palenicek, T., Miksatkova, P., & Kuchar, M. (2015). Salting-out-assisted liquid–liquid extraction as a suitable approach for determination of methoxetamine in large sets of tissue samples. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-9221-1
Techer, D., Milla, S., Fontaine, P., Viot, S., & Thomas, M. (2015). Influence of waterborne gallic and pelargonic acid exposures on biochemical and reproductive parameters in the zebrafish ( Danio rerio ): Influence Of Gallic and Pelargonic Acid Exposure. Environmental Toxicology, n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22228
Mattsson, A., Kärrman, A., Pinto, R., & Brunström, B. (2015). Metabolic Profiling of Chicken Embryos Exposed to Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Agonists to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. PLOS ONE, 10(12), e0143780. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143780
Doldur-Balli, F., Ozel, M. N., Gulsuner, S., Tekinay, A. B., Ozcelik, T., Konu, O., & Adams, M. M. (2015). Characterization of a novel zebrafish (Danio rerio) gene, wdr81, associated with cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation and dysequilibrium syndrome (CAMRQ). BMC Neuroscience, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-015-0229-4
Guard, J., Sanchez-Ingunza, R., Shah, D. H., Rothrock, M. J., Gast, R. K., & Jones, D. R. (2015). Recovery of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis from hens initially infected with serovar Kentucky. Food Chemistry, 189, 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.018
Hernandez-Anzaldo, S., Berry, E., Brglez, V., Leung, D., Yun, T. J., Lee, J. S., Filep, J. G., Kassiri, Z., Cheong, C., Lambeau, G., Lehner, R., & Fernandez-Patron, C. (2015). Identification of a Novel Heart-Liver Axis: Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Negatively Regulates Cardiac Secreted Phospholipase A2 to Modulate Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in the Liver. Journal of the American Heart Association, 4(11), e002553–e002553. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.002553
Falendysz, E. A., Lopera, J. G., Lorenzsonn, F., Salzer, J. S., Hutson, C. L., Doty, J., Gallardo-Romero, N., Carroll, D. S., Osorio, J. E., & Rocke, T. E. (2015). Further Assessment of Monkeypox Virus Infection in Gambian Pouched Rats (Cricetomys gambianus) Using In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(10), e0004130. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004130
Wagschal, A., Najafi-Shoushtari, S. H., Wang, L., Goedeke, L., Sinha, S., deLemos, A. S., Black, J. C., Ramírez, C. M., Li, Y., Tewhey, R., Hatoum, I., Shah, N., Lu, Y., Kristo, F., Psychogios, N., Vrbanac, V., Lu, Y.-C., Hla, T., de Cabo, R., … Näär, A. M. (2015). Genome-wide identification of microRNAs regulating cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis. Nature Medicine, 21(11), 1290–1297. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3980
Albury-Warren, T. M., Pandey, V., Spinel, L. P., Masternak, M., & Altomare, D. A. (2015). Prediabetes linked to excess glucagon in transgenic mice with pancreatic active AKT1. Journal of Endocrinology, JOE-15-0288. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-15-0288
McKenna, S., Gossling, M., Bugarini, A., Hill, E., Anderson, A. L., Rancourt, R. C., Balasubramaniyan, N., El Kasmi, K. C., & Wright, C. J. (2015). Endotoxemia Induces I B /NF- B-Dependent Endothelin-1 Expression in Hepatic Macrophages. The Journal of Immunology, 195(8), 3866–3879. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1501017
Goedeke, L., Rotllan, N., Canfrán-Duque, A., Aranda, J. F., Ramírez, C. M., Araldi, E., Lin, C.-S., Anderson, N. N., Wagschal, A., de Cabo, R., Horton, J. D., Lasunción, M. A., Näär, A. M., Suárez, Y., & Fernández-Hernando, C. (2015). MicroRNA-148a regulates LDL receptor and ABCA1 expression to control circulating lipoprotein levels. Nature Medicine, 21(11), 1280–1289. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3949
Neve, E. P. A., Köfeler, H., Hendriks, D. F. G., Nordling, Å., Gogvadze, V., Mkrtchian, S., Näslund, E., & Ingelman-Sundberg, M. (2015). Expression and Function of mARC: Roles in Lipogenesis and Metabolic Activation of Ximelagatran. PLOS ONE, 10(9), e0138487. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138487
Parafati, M., Lascala, A., Morittu, V. M., Trimboli, F., Rizzuto, A., Brunelli, E., Coscarelli, F., Costa, N., Britti, D., Ehrlich, J., Isidoro, C., Mollace, V., & Janda, E. (2015). Bergamot polyphenol fraction prevents nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via stimulation of lipophagy in cafeteria diet-induced rat model of metabolic syndrome. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 26(9), 938–948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.03.008
Peleli, M., Hezel, M., Zollbrecht, C., Persson, A. E. G., Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E., Fredholm, B. B., & Carlström, M. (2015). In adenosine A2B knockouts acute treatment with inorganic nitrate improves glucose disposal, oxidative stress, and AMPK signaling in the liver. Frontiers in Physiology, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00222
Hezel, M. P., Liu, M., Schiffer, T. A., Larsen, F. J., Checa, A., Wheelock, C. E., Carlström, M., Lundberg, J. O., & Weitzberg, E. (2015). Effects of long-term dietary nitrate supplementation in mice. Redox Biology, 5, 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2015.05.004
Wang, Y.-M., Chai, S. C., Lin, W., Chai, X., Elias, A., Wu, J., Ong, S. S., Pondugula, S. R., Beard, J. A., Schuetz, E. G., Zeng, S., Xie, W., & Chen, T. (2015). Serine 350 of human pregnane X receptor is crucial for its heterodimerization with retinoid X receptor alpha and transactivation of target genes in vitro and in vivo. Biochemical Pharmacology, 96(4), 357–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.018
Wang, Z., Neal, B. H., Lamb, J. C., & Klaunig, J. E. (2015). Mechanistic Investigation of Toxaphene Induced Mouse Liver Tumors. Toxicological Sciences, kfv151. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfv151
Ran, L., Yu, Q., Zhang, S., Xiong, F., Cheng, J., Yang, P., Xu, J.-F., Nie, H., Zhong, Q., Yang, X., Yang, F., Gong, Q., Kuczma, M., Kraj, P., Gu, W., Ren, B.-X., & Wang, C.-Y. (2015). Cx3cr1 deficiency in mice attenuates hepatic granuloma formation during acute schistosomiasis by enhancing the M2-type polarization of macrophages. Disease Models & Mechanisms, 8(7), 691–700. https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.018242
Danan-Gotthold, M., Golan-Gerstl, R., Eisenberg, E., Meir, K., Karni, R., & Levanon, E. Y. (2015). Identification of recurrent regulated alternative splicing events across human solid tumors. Nucleic Acids Research, 43(10), 5130–5144. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv210
Jandegian, C. M., Deem, S. L., Bhandari, R. K., Holliday, C. M., Nicks, D., Rosenfeld, C. S., Selcer, K. W., Tillitt, D. E., vom Saal, F. S., Vélez-Rivera, V., Yang, Y., & Holliday, D. K. (2015). Developmental exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) alters sexual differentiation in painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 216, 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.04.003
Kollitz, E. M., Zhang, G., Hawkins, M. B., Whitfield, G. K., Reif, D. M., & Kullman, S. W. (2015). Molecular Cloning, Functional Characterization, and Evolutionary Analysis of Vitamin D Receptors Isolated from Basal Vertebrates. PLOS ONE, 10(4), e0122853. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122853
Eriksson, A., Williams, M. J., Voisin, S., Hansson, I., Krishnan, A., Philippot, G., Yamskova, O., Herisson, F. M., Dnyansagar, R., Moschonis, G., Manios, Y., Chrousos, G. P., Olszewski, P. K., Frediksson, R., & Schiöth, H. B. (2015). Implication of coronin 7 in body weight regulation in humans, mice and flies. BMC Neuroscience, 16(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-015-0151-9
Gao, X., Yang, T., Liu, M., Peleli, M., Zollbrecht, C., Weitzberg, E., Lundberg, J. O., Persson, A. E. G., & Carlstrom, M. (2015). NADPH Oxidase in the Renal Microvasculature Is a Primary Target for Blood Pressure-Lowering Effects by Inorganic Nitrate and Nitrite. Hypertension, 65(1), 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04222
Zhang, Z., He, L., Hu, S., Wang, Y., Lai, Q., Yang, P., Yu, Q., Zhang, S., Xiong, F., Simsekyilmaz, S., Ning, Q., Li, J., Zhang, D., Zhang, H., Xiang, X., Zhou, Z., Sun, H., & Wang, C.-Y. (2015). AAL exacerbates pro-inflammatory response in macrophages by regulating Mincle/Syk/Card9 signaling along with the Nlrp3 inflammasome assembly. American Journal of Translational Research, 7(10), 1812–1825.
Ali, K., Abo-Ali, E. M., Kabir, M. D., Riggins, B., Nguy, S., Li, L., Srivastava, U., & Thinn, S. M. M. (2014). A Western-Fed Diet Increases Plasma HDL and LDL-Cholesterol Levels in ApoD–/– Mice. PLoS ONE, 9(12), e115744. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115744
Drake, J. C., Bruns, D. R., Peelor, F. F., Biela, L. M., Miller, R. A., Hamilton, K. L., & Miller, B. F. (2014). Long-lived crowded-litter mice have an age-dependent increase in protein synthesis to DNA synthesis ratio and mTORC1 substrate phosphorylation. AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism, 307(9), E813–E821. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00256.2014
Hyatt, L. D., Wasserman, G. A., Rah, Y. J., Matsuura, K. Y., Coleman, F. T., Hilliard, K. L., Pepper-Cunningham, Z. A., Ieong, M., Stumpo, D. J., Blackshear, P. J., Quinton, L. J., Mizgerd, J. P., & Jones, M. R. (2014). Myeloid ZFP36L1 Does Not Regulate Inflammation or Host Defense in Mouse Models of Acute Bacterial Infection. PLoS ONE, 9(10), e109072. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109072
Borschensky, C. M., & Reinacher, M. (2014). Mutations in the 3c and 7b genes of feline coronavirus in spontaneously affected FIP cats. Research in Veterinary Science, 97(2), 333–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.07.016
Vernochet, C., Damilano, F., Mourier, A., Bezy, O., Mori, M. A., Smyth, G., Rosenzweig, A., Larsson, N.-G., & Kahn, C. R. (2014). Adipose tissue mitochondrial dysfunction triggers a lipodystrophic syndrome with insulin resistance, hepatosteatosis, and cardiovascular complications. The FASEB Journal, 28(10), 4408–4419. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.14-253971
Bannantine, J. P., Everman, J. L., Rose, S. J., Babrak, L., Katani, R., Barletta, R. G., Talaat, A. M., Grohn, Y. T., Chang, Y.-F., Kapur, V., & Bermudez, L. E. (2014). Evaluation of eight live attenuated vaccine candidates for protection against challenge with virulent Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in mice. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2014.00088
Penney, R., Lundgreen, A., Yao-Borengasser, A., Edavana, V., Williams, S., Dhakal, I., Wolff, R., Kadlubar, S., & Slattery, M. (2014). CYP19A1 single nucleotide polymorphism associations with CYP19A1, NFκB1, and IL6 gene expression in human normal colon and normal liver samples. Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, 163. https://doi.org/10.2147/PGPM.S62238
Zhu, L., Martinez, M. N., Emfinger, C. H., Palmisano, B. T., & Stafford, J. M. (2014). Estrogen signaling prevents diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance in male mice with obesity. AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism, 306(10), E1188–E1197. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00579.2013
Hill, A. J., Drever, N., Yin, H., Tamayo, E., Saade, G., & Bytautiene, E. (2014). The role of NADPH oxidase in a mouse model of fetal alcohol syndrome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 210(5), 466.e1-466.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2013.12.019
Goetzman, E. S., Alcorn, J. F., Bharathi, S. S., Uppala, R., McHugh, K. J., Kosmider, B., Chen, R., Zuo, Y. Y., Beck, M. E., McKinney, R. W., Skilling, H., Suhrie, K. R., Karunanidhi, A., Yeasted, R., Otsubo, C., Ellis, B., Tyurina, Y. Y., Kagan, V. E., Mallampalli, R. K., & Vockley, J. (2014). Long-chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency as a Cause of Pulmonary Surfactant Dysfunction. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 289(15), 10668–10679. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.540260
van der Plas-Duivesteijn, S. J., Mohammed, Y., Dalebout, H., Meijer, A., Botermans, A., Hoogendijk, J. L., Henneman, A. A., Deelder, A. M., Spaink, H. P., & Palmblad, M. (2014). Identifying Proteins in Zebrafish Embryos Using Spectral Libraries Generated from Dissected Adult Organs and Tissues. Journal of Proteome Research, 13(3), 1537–1544. https://doi.org/10.1021/pr4010585
Offer, S. M., Butterfield, G. L., Jerde, C. R., Fossum, C. C., Wegner, N. J., & Diasio, R. B. (2014). microRNAs miR-27a and miR-27b Directly Regulate Liver Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Expression through Two Conserved Binding Sites. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 13(3), 742–751. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-13-0878
Ahmed, M., El-Bakly, W. M., Zaki, A. M., abd Alzez, L. F., & El serafi, O. (2014). Bupropion effects on high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis and endothelial dysfunction in rats: role of tumour necrosis factor-alpha: Bupropion in NASH. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12213
Neely, C. J., Kartchner, L. B., Mendoza, A. E., Linz, B. M., Frelinger, J. A., Wolfgang, M. C., Maile, R., & Cairns, B. A. (2014). Flagellin Treatment Prevents Increased Susceptibility to Systemic Bacterial Infection after Injury by Inhibiting Anti-Inflammatory IL-10+ IL-12- Neutrophil Polarization. PLoS ONE, 9(1), e85623. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085623
Baghdadi, H. (2014). Antioxidant Potential of Quercetin: Remarkable Protection against Hypercholesterolemia in Rats. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 4(26), 4382–4391. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2014/11126
Melero, M., García-Párraga, D., Corpa, J., Ortega, J., Rubio-Guerri, C., Crespo, J., Rivera-Arroyo, B., & Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J. (2014). First molecular detection and characterization of herpesvirus and poxvirus in a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). BMC Veterinary Research, 10(1), 968. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-014-0308-2
Alfaro, V. Y., Goldblatt, D. L., Valverde, G. R., Munsell, M. F., Quinton, L. J., Walker, A. K., Dantzer, R., Varadhachary, A., Scott, B. L., Evans, S. E., Tuvim, M. J., & Dickey, B. F. (2014). Safety, tolerability, and biomarkers of the treatment of mice with aerosolized Toll-like receptor ligands. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2014.00008
Safronetz, D., Sogoba, N., Lopez, J. E., Maiga, O., Dahlstrom, E., Zivcec, M., Feldmann, F., Haddock, E., Fischer, R. J., Anderson, J. M., Munster, V. J., Branco, L., Garry, R., Porcella, S. F., Schwan, T. G., & Feldmann, H. (2013). Geographic Distribution and Genetic Characterization of Lassa Virus in Sub-Saharan Mali. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 7(12), e2582. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002582
Drake, J. C., Peelor, F. F., Biela, L. M., Watkins, M. K., Miller, R. A., Hamilton, K. L., & Miller, B. F. (2013). Assessment of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and mTORC1 Signaling During Chronic Rapamycin Feeding in Male and Female Mice. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 68(12), 1493–1501. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glt047
Yang, Y., Tarabra, E., Yang, G.-S., Vaitheesvaran, B., Palacios, G., Kurland, I. J., Pessin, J. E., & Bastie, C. C. (2013). Alteration of De Novo Glucose Production Contributes to Fasting Hypoglycaemia in Fyn Deficient Mice. PLoS ONE, 8(11), e81866. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081866
Erickson, A. K., & Pfeiffer, J. K. (2013). Dynamic Viral Dissemination in Mice Infected with Yellow Fever Virus Strain 17D. Journal of Virology, 87(22), 12392–12397. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02149-13
Cheng, X., Guo, S., Liu, Y., Chu, H., Hakimi, P., Berger, N. A., Hanson, R. W., & Kao, H.-Y. (2013). Ablation of Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein (PML) Re-patterns Energy Balance and Protects Mice from Obesity Induced by a Western Diet. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288(41), 29746–29759. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.487595
Wiles, T. J., Norton, J. P., Russell, C. W., Dalley, B. K., Fischer, K. F., & Mulvey, M. A. (2013). Combining Quantitative Genetic Footprinting and Trait Enrichment Analysis to Identify Fitness Determinants of a Bacterial Pathogen. PLoS Genetics, 9(8), e1003716. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003716
Ramirez, C. M., Goedeke, L., Rotllan, N., Yoon, J.-H., Cirera-Salinas, D., Mattison, J. A., Suarez, Y., de Cabo, R., Gorospe, M., & Fernandez-Hernando, C. (2013). MicroRNA 33 Regulates Glucose Metabolism. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 33(15), 2891–2902. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.00016-13
Muir, K., Hazim, A., He, Y., Peyressatre, M., Kim, D.-Y., Song, X., & Beretta, L. (2013). Proteomic and Lipidomic Signatures of Lipid Metabolism in NASH-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Research, 73(15), 4722–4731. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-3797
Van Wettere, A. J., Law, J. M., Hinton, D. E., & Kullman, S. W. (2013). Anchoring Hepatic Gene Expression with Development of Fibrosis and Neoplasia in a Toxicant-induced Fish Model of Liver Injury. Toxicologic Pathology, 41(5), 744–760. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623312464308
Karauzum, H., Adhikari, R. P., Sarwar, J., Devi, V. S., Abaandou, L., Haudenschild, C., Mahmoudieh, M., Boroun, A. R., Vu, H., Nguyen, T., Warfield, K. L., Shulenin, S., & Aman, M. J. (2013). Structurally Designed Attenuated Subunit Vaccines for S. aureus LukS-PV and LukF-PV Confer Protection in a Mouse Bacteremia Model. PLoS ONE, 8(6), e65384. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065384
Chorny, M., Fishbein, I., Tengood, J. E., Adamo, R. F., Alferiev, I. S., & Levy, R. J. (2013). Site-specific gene delivery to stented arteries using magnetically guided zinc oleate-based nanoparticles loaded with adenoviral vectors. The FASEB Journal, 27(6), 2198–2206. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.12-224659
Goedeke, L., Vales-Lara, F. M., Fenstermaker, M., Cirera-Salinas, D., Chamorro-Jorganes, A., Ramirez, C. M., Mattison, J. A., de Cabo, R., Suarez, Y., & Fernandez-Hernando, C. (2013). A Regulatory Role for MicroRNA 33* in Controlling Lipid Metabolism Gene Expression. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 33(11), 2339–2352. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.01714-12
Dekker, M. J., Baker, C., Naples, M., Samsoondar, J., Zhang, R., Qiu, W., Sacco, J., & Adeli, K. (2013). Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis improves dyslipidemia in the diet-induced hamster model of insulin resistance: Evidence for the role of sphingosine and sphinganine in hepatic VLDL-apoB100 overproduction. Atherosclerosis, 228(1), 98–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.041
Miller, B. F., Robinson, M. M., Reuland, D. J., Drake, J. C., Peelor, F. F., Bruss, M. D., Hellerstein, M. K., & Hamilton, K. L. (2013). Calorie Restriction Does Not Increase Short-term or Long-term Protein Synthesis. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 68(5), 530–538. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls219
Al-Hasan, Y. M., Evans, L. C., Pinkas, G. A., Dabkowski, E. R., Stanley, W. C., & Thompson, L. P. (2013). Chronic Hypoxia Impairs Cytochrome Oxidase Activity Via Oxidative Stress in Selected Fetal Guinea Pig Organs. Reproductive Sciences, 20(3), 299–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719112453509
Ward, M. S., Lamb, J., May, J. M., & Harrison, F. E. (2013). Behavioral and monoamine changes following severe vitamin C deficiency. Journal of Neurochemistry, 124(3), 363–375. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.12069
Hoang, H. D., Prasain, J. K., Dorand, D., & Miller, M. A. (2013). A Heterogeneous Mixture of F-Series Prostaglandins Promotes Sperm Guidance in the Caenorhabditis elegans Reproductive Tract. PLoS Genetics, 9(1), e1003271. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003271
Veltrop, M., van der Kaa, J., Claassens, J., van Vliet, L., Verbeek, S., & Aartsma-Rus, A. (2013). Generation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Mice for Duchenne Research. PLoS Currents. https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.md.cbf1d33001de80923ce674302cad7925
Liu, B.-H., Lin, Y.-Y., Wang, Y.-C., Huang, C.-W., Chen, C.-C., Wu, S.-C., Mersmann, H. J., Cheng, W. T. K., & Ding, S.-T. (2013). Porcine Adiponectin Receptor 1 Transgene Resists High-fat/Sucrose Diet-Induced Weight Gain, Hepatosteatosis and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Experimental Animals, 62(4), 347–360. https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.62.347
Hanstein, R., Negoro, H., Patel, N. K., Charollais, A., Meda, P., Spray, D. C., Suadicani, S. O., & Scemes, E. (2013). Promises and pitfalls of a Pannexin1 transgenic mouse line. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00061
Chaker, B., Samra, T. A., Datta, N. S., & Abou-Samra, A. B. (2013). Altered Responses to Cold Environment in Urocortin 1 and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Deficient Mice. Physiology Journal, 2013, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/185767
Leontieva, O. V., Paszkiewicz, G. M., & Blagosklonny, M. V. (2012). Mechanistic or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) may determine robustness in young male mice at the cost of accelerated aging. Aging, 4(12), 899–916.
Jones, M. R., Blahna, M. T., Kozlowski, E., Matsuura, K. Y., Ferrari, J. D., Morris, S. A., Powers, J. T., Daley, G. Q., Quinton, L. J., & Mizgerd, J. P. (2012). Zcchc11 Uridylates Mature miRNAs to Enhance Neonatal IGF-1 Expression, Growth, and Survival. PLoS Genetics, 8(11), e1003105. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003105
Austin, W. R., Armijo, A. L., Campbell, D. O., Singh, A. S., Hsieh, T., Nathanson, D., Herschman, H. R., Phelps, M. E., Witte, O. N., Czernin, J., & Radu, C. G. (2012). Nucleoside salvage pathway kinases regulate hematopoiesis by linking nucleotide metabolism with replication stress. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 209(12), 2215–2228. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20121061
Jenko, K., Karouna-Renier, N. K., & Hoffman, D. J. (2012). Gene expression, glutathione status, and indicators of hepatic oxidative stress in laughing gull ( Larus atricilla ) hatchlings exposed to methylmercury. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31(11), 2588–2596. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1985
Hecker, P. A., Mapanga, R. F., Kimar, C. P., Ribeiro, R. F., Brown, B. H., O’Connell, K. A., Cox, J. W., Shekar, K. C., Asemu, G., Essop, M. F., & Stanley, W. C. (2012). Effects of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency on the metabolic and cardiac responses to obesogenic or high-fructose diets. AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism, 303(8), E959–E972. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00202.2012
Kumar, M., Roe, K., Nerurkar, P. V., Namekar, M., Orillo, B., Verma, S., & Nerurkar, V. R. (2012). Impaired Virus Clearance, Compromised Immune Response and Increased Mortality in Type 2 Diabetic Mice Infected with West Nile Virus. PLoS ONE, 7(8), e44682. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044682
Adhikari, R. P., Karauzum, H., Sarwar, J., Abaandou, L., Mahmoudieh, M., Boroun, A. R., Vu, H., Nguyen, T., Devi, V. S., Shulenin, S., Warfield, K. L., & Aman, M. J. (2012). Novel Structurally Designed Vaccine for S. aureus α-Hemolysin: Protection against Bacteremia and Pneumonia. PLoS ONE, 7(6), e38567. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038567
Kozul-Horvath, C. D., Zandbergen, F., Jackson, B. P., Enelow, R. I., & Hamilton, J. W. (2012). Effects of Low-Dose Drinking Water Arsenic on Mouse Fetal and Postnatal Growth and Development. PLoS ONE, 7(5), e38249. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038249
Wang, Q., Na, B., Ou, J. J., Pulliam, L., & Yen, T. S. B. (2012). Hepatitis B Virus Alters the Antioxidant System in Transgenic Mice and Sensitizes Hepatocytes to Fas Signaling. PLoS ONE, 7(5), e36818. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036818
Bastie, C. C., Gaffney-Stomberg, E., Lee, T.-W. A., Dhima, E., Pessin, J. E., & Augenlicht, L. H. (2012). Dietary Cholecalciferol and Calcium Levels in a Western-Style Defined Rodent Diet Alter Energy Metabolism and Inflammatory Responses in Mice. Journal of Nutrition, 142(5), 859–865. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.111.149914
Hwang, J.-T., Kim, S. H., Hur, H. J., Kim, H. J., Park, J. H., Sung, M. J., Yang, H. J., Ryu, S. Y., Kim, Y. S., Cha, M. R., Kim, M. S., & Kwon, D. Y. (2012). Decursin, an Active Compound Isolated from Angelica gigas, Inhibits Fat Accumulation, Reduces Adipocytokine Secretion and Improves Glucose Tolerance in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet: DECURSIN APPEARS TO IMPROVES OBESITY AND DIABETES. Phytotherapy Research, 26(5), 633–638. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3612
Drever, N., Yin, H., Kechichian, T., Costantine, M., Longo, M., Saade, G. R., & Bytautiene, E. (2012). The expression of antioxidant enzymes in a mouse model of fetal alcohol syndrome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 206(4), 358.e19-358.e22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2012.01.017
Olsen, A. L., Sackey, B. K., Marcinkiewicz, C., Boettiger, D., & Wells, R. G. (2012). Fibronectin Extra Domain-A Promotes Hepatic Stellate Cell Motility but Not Differentiation Into Myofibroblasts. Gastroenterology, 142(4), 928-937.e3. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.038
Sun, X., Tang, Y., Tan, X., Li, Q., Zhong, W., Sun, X., Jia, W., McClain, C. J., & Zhou, Z. (2012). Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- by rosiglitazone improves lipid homeostasis at the adipose tissue-liver axis in ethanol-fed mice. AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 302(5), G548–G557. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00342.2011
Harcourt, B. E., Forbes, J. M., & Matthews, V. B. (2012). Obesity-induced renal impairment is exacerbated in interleukin-6-knockout mice: IL-6 KO worsens kidney injury in obesity. Nephrology, 17(3), 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01547.x
Miller, B. F., Robinson, M. M., Bruss, M. D., Hellerstein, M., & Hamilton, K. L. (2012). A comprehensive assessment of mitochondrial protein synthesis and cellular proliferation with age and caloric restriction: Caloric restriction and mitochondrial synthesis. Aging Cell, 11(1), 150–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00769.x
Van Wettere, A. J. (2012). Pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and regeneration in the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). North Carolina State University.
Smith, J. S., Xu, Z., Tian, J., Palmer, D. J., Ng, P., & Byrnes, A. P. (2011). The Role of Endosomal Escape and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Adenoviral Activation of the Innate Immune Response. PLoS ONE, 6(10), e26755. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026755
Rayner, K. J., Esau, C. C., Hussain, F. N., McDaniel, A. L., Marshall, S. M., van Gils, J. M., Ray, T. D., Sheedy, F. J., Goedeke, L., Liu, X., Khatsenko, O. G., Kaimal, V., Lees, C. J., Fernandez-Hernando, C., Fisher, E. A., Temel, R. E., & Moore, K. J. (2011). Inhibition of miR-33a/b in non-human primates raises plasma HDL and lowers VLDL triglycerides. Nature, 478(7369), 404–407. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10486
Fox, K. A., Longo, M., Tamayo, E., Kechichian, T., Bytautiene, E., Hankins, G. D. V., Saade, G. R., & Costantine, M. M. (2011). Effects of pravastatin on mediators of vascular function in a mouse model of soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1–induced preeclampsia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 205(4), 366.e1-366.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2011.06.083
Gornicka, A., Morris-Stiff, G., Thapaliya, S., Papouchado, B. G., Berk, M., & Feldstein, A. E. (2011). Transcriptional Profile of Genes Involved in Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense in a Dietary Murine Model of Steatohepatitis. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 15(2), 437–445. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2010.3815
Giera, S., Bansal, R., Ortiz-Toro, T. M., Taub, D. G., & Zoeller, R. T. (2011). Individual Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Congeners Produce Tissue- and Gene-Specific Effects on Thyroid Hormone Signaling during Development. Endocrinology, 152(7), 2909–2919. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-1490
Rayner, K. J., Sheedy, F. J., Esau, C. C., Hussain, F. N., Temel, R. E., Parathath, S., van Gils, J. M., Rayner, A. J., Chang, A. N., Suarez, Y., Fernandez-Hernando, C., Fisher, E. A., & Moore, K. J. (2011). Antagonism of miR-33 in mice promotes reverse cholesterol transport and regression of atherosclerosis. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 121(7), 2921–2931. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI57275
Shai, S.-Y., Sukhanov, S., Higashi, Y., Vaughn, C., Rosen, C. J., & Delafontaine, P. (2011). Low circulating insulin-like growth factor I increases atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice. AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 300(5), H1898–H1906. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01081.2010
Lebold, K. M., Grant, K. A., Freeman, W. M., Wiren, K. M., Miller, G. W., Kiley, C., Leonard, S. W., & Traber, M. G. (2011). Individual Differences in Hyperlipidemia and Vitamin E Status in Response to Chronic Alcohol Self-Administration in Cynomolgus Monkeys: CHRONIC ALCOHOL SELF-ADMINISTRATION IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 35(3), 474–483. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01364.x
Roberts, S. C., Noyes, P. D., Gallagher, E. P., & Stapleton, H. M. (2011). Species-Specific Differences and Structure−Activity Relationships in the Debromination of PBDE Congeners in Three Fish Species. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(5), 1999–2005. https://doi.org/10.1021/es103934x
Carlstrom, M., Persson, A. E. G., Larsson, E., Hezel, M., Scheffer, P. G., Teerlink, T., Weitzberg, E., & Lundberg, J. O. (2011). Dietary nitrate attenuates oxidative stress, prevents cardiac and renal injuries, and reduces blood pressure in salt-induced hypertension. Cardiovascular Research, 89(3), 574–585. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvq366
Gogal, Jr., R. M., Kerr, R., Kingsley, D. H., Granata, L. A., LeRoith, T., Holliman, S. D., Dancho, B. A., & Flick, Jr., G. J. (2011). High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing of Murine Norovirus 1–Contaminated Oysters Inhibits Oral Infection in STAT-1<SUP>-/-</SUP>–Deficient Female Mice. Journal of Food Protection, 74(2), 209–214. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-235
Huang, L. (2011). Nitric oxide formation from inorganic nitrate and nitrite. Karolinska Instituet.
Zahr, N. M., Luong, R., Sullivan, E. V., & Pfefferbaum, A. (2010). Measurement of Serum, Liver, and Brain Cytokine Induction, Thiamine Levels, and Hepatopathology in Rats Exposed to a 4-Day Alcohol Binge Protocol: BINGE ETHANOL EFFECTS ON BLOOD, LIVER, AND BRAIN CYTOKINES. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 34(11), 1858–1870. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01274.x
Carlstrom, M., Larsen, F. J., Nystrom, T., Hezel, M., Borniquel, S., Weitzberg, E., & Lundberg, J. O. (2010). Dietary inorganic nitrate reverses features of metabolic syndrome in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(41), 17716–17720. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1008872107
Rayner, K. J., Suarez, Y., Davalos, A., Parathath, S., Fitzgerald, M. L., Tamehiro, N., Fisher, E. A., Moore, K. J., & Fernandez-Hernando, C. (2010). MiR-33 Contributes to the Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis. Science, 328(5985), 1570–1573. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1189862
Baratta, J. L., Ngo, A., Lopez, B., Kasabwalla, N., Longmuir, K. J., & Robertson, R. T. (2009). Cellular organization of normal mouse liver: a histological, quantitative immunocytochemical, and fine structural analysis. Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 131(6), 713–726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-009-0577-1
Neishabouri, S. H., Hutson, S. M., & Davoodi, J. (2015). Chronic activation of mTOR complex 1 by branched chain amino acids and organ hypertrophy. Amino Acids, 47(6), 1167–1182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-015-1944-y
Poulsen, K. P., Faith, N. G., Steinberg, H., & Czuprynski, C. J. (2013). Bacterial load and inflammation in fetal tissues is not dependent on IL-17a or IL-22 in 10–14 day pregnant mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Microbial Pathogenesis, 56, 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2012.11.003
Heverin, M., Ali, Z., Olin, M., Tillander, V., Joibari, M. M., Makoveichuk, E., Leitersdorf, E., Warner, M., Olivercrona, G., Gustafsson, J.-Å., & Björkhem, I. (n.d.). On the regulatory importance of 27-hydroxycholesterol in mouse liver. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.001
Chuang, H.-L., Huang, Y.-T., Chiu, C.-C., Liao, C.-D., Hsu, F.-L., Huang, C.-C., & Hou, C.-C. (2012). Metabolomics characterization of energy metabolism reveals glycogen accumulation in gut-microbiota-lacking mice. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 23(7), 752–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.03.019
